When Ashley was 5, she felt intensive pain in her eyes.

After checking the doctor recognize that her brain tumor due to abnormal enlargement of optic nerve, which is use to send information to brain from retina.

Now she is 15 and living in his home city Ohio bases in Gahanna, was later suspected as pseudo tumor cerbri, an awful situation in which without any definite reasons the pressure inside the brain builds, and cause blindness.
Pseudotumer cerbri was once an adult’s disease but now rising in children and doctors think that obesity is the main reason for this, as the statistics show about 2/3 of the child victims are excessive weight, however Ashley is remaining 1/3 of them.

Dr. E. Steve Roach, who is neurology chief and vice chair of pediatrics at Nationwide Children’s Hospital in Columbus, Ohio, strongly believes that due to increasing rate of obesity in children, pseudo tumor cerbri is raising among them, but there are no clear statistics to prove that reason.
He further said, it was the spike in children that motivated his colleague and him to build that’s believed to be the first phantom tumor clinic in the country for children. At the time of opening, the clinic has the services of an ophthalmologist, neurologist and endocrinologist for treatment. Now Nationwide is treating 80 children with pseudo tumor cerbri.

In Pseudotumer cerbri the loss of vision is so slow that the kids don’t feel of losing site until the vision is almost gone, we have the capabilities to cure it but one thing the patient has to do is treat in early stage, said by Roach.
After taking seven prescriptions daily, more than 30 surgeries to replace stop working shunts, and more than 50 times admitted to hospital, Ashley Lauren is still suffer from awful pain.

Ashley Lauren thinks about himself that thought out her life she never lived normal life like other do, and all I remember is awful pain that is with me.
People and doctors think I am normal but they don’t understand the actual condition.

Diane Ashley (Lauren mother) with  the help of other effected families  started a new foundation (ihgraymatters.org)  to inform people and gather money to help suffering families and Diane says that , when more people will know, the more the chances of new researches  and more doctor will come through to provide their services.

HIV /AIDS have evolved as a serious threat to human kind in a form of epidemic worldwide. Be it a developing or developed nation this has become a serious concern for the government and nongovernment agencies to control the spread of AIDS as there is no vaccine available for this syndrome. In this context research and statistics show that HPV affected men are at greater risk to get infected with HIV.

A study was performed on 2,168 men who do not have circumcision and in the age range of 18 to 24 was performed in Kenya. At the beginning of the men were examined for HPV. The men were sexually active without AIDS and were monitored for 24 months. Majority of them were under supervision for next 42 months.

The study revealed around 50 % of the population had developed HPV infection on their penis skin counting to 1,089.  About 5.8 % of these HPV infected men were found to be HIV positive at the end of 42 months in comparison to 3.7 percent of population who were not HPV infected.
The Journal of Infectious diseases published the outcomes of this study in the June 1 print issue and prior to this the results were out on internet on April 23.

A news released quoted the lead  author of this study Jennifer S Smith expressing  that though the controlled study was carried for several factors like circumcision and other infected cases like herpes including the consideration for social and demographic factors, those with HPV infection were found to be at maximum risk of acquiring HIV. Jennifer worked as a research associate professor of epidemiology in the Gillings school of Global Public Health at University of North Carolina. Adding to this she said if this finding is supported by other studies then the outcome would prove to be instrumental in prevention and control of HIV.

Smith told, though the absence of a vaccination for HIV is the major hurdle in the path to control AIDS, if the link between HPV infection and acquiring HIV infection could be established, then it would be another step towards taking a preventive measure for this pandemic as a vaccine for specific types of HPV is available. Making a provision for vaccinating young population before they active in sexual life could be one potential step for control of HPV and in turn a control measure for AIDS by preventing the spread of HIV.

Back pain is a problem faced by so many of us. The reasons can be many for the back pains. Some of us work long hours sitting in chairs and fall victim to back pain. And we have a common perception that taking too much rest would solve the problem but it does not. In fact, taking too much rest can worsen your back pain condition. You need to start exercising to get rid of the back pain. So, it is not just resting, you have to do certain exercises to recover from it.

There are different exercises that serve different purposes when it comes to resolving the back pain. The exercises not will not remove the existing back pain, but will also prevent any sort of back pain in the future as you are strengthening the back muscles.

But do not just jump into back pain exercise because not all the exercises you suit you and choosing a wrong exercise might have adverse effects. You should visit your doctor and ask for suggestions. They are likely to recommend a few exercises for your back. Exercises that will have a positive effect on your whole body should be given priority while cutting the options down.

Now let us look at the exercises and find out how exactly they can help us to recover from the painful back.

To start with stretching is a very good exercise when it comes to back pain. You have to stretch your muscles ligaments to have a healthier back. You can use the stretching exercises if you even do not have back pains. It will help to strengthen your muscles and back ligaments and make it strong so that it does not fall victim to fatigue or trauma in the future. You have to make a schedule and do the exercises on a regular basis. But be careful not to overdo the exercises because in many cases, back pain educing exercises cause the pain to reoccur.

Other than stretching you will also have to do exercises that would decrease the pressure on your back. You could perform exercises to strengthen your abs and legs so that the amount of stress that the back takes is shared by those body parts.

You might be a young man who thinks you will never have back pain so you do not need to exercise. But trust me, start exercising and when you grow a bit older, you will be thanking be for my advice.

From the heading, all of you may have started to think that how can obesity be a receptionist?

What do you mean by receptionist? – Wow! A sweet, beautiful girl who welcomes everybody at an office with her soft voice. Obesity is like that- it welcomes softly all the major diseases in our body.

Obesity is widely regarded as a pandemic with potentially disastrous consequences for human health. More than 20% of adults in the UK, and more than 30% in USA, are obese the prevalence of obesity has increased ∼threefold within the last 20 years and continues to rise. In developing countries, average national rates of obesity are not nearly so high, but these figures disguise alarmingly high rates of obesity in many urban communities.

Obesity has adverse effects on both mortality and morbidity. Changes in mortality are difficult to analyze due to the confounding effects of lower body weight in cigarette smokers. However, it is clear that the lowest mortality rates are seen in individuals with a BMI(body Mass Index, an unit of measuring obesity, with the normal range is 18-25) of 18.5-24. Data from population studies, such as that in Framingham, USA, show that for individuals aged between 30 and 42 years, the risk of death increases by 1% per annum for each 0.5 kg increase in weight; for those aged 50-62, this figure is 2%. The result is that obesity reduces life expectancy by 7.1 years in men and 5.8 years in women amongst non-smokers, and by 13.7 and 13.3 years respectively amongst smokers. Coronary heart disease is the major cause of death but cancer rates are also increased in the overweight, especially colorectal cancer in males and cancer of the gallbladder, biliary tract, breast, endometrium and cervix in females. Epidemic obesity is accompanied by an epidemic of type 2 diabetes. Obesity may lead to profound psychological consequences for individuals. Society also suffers from the effects of obesity-related disability and early retirement.

Behavioural modification to avoid some of the effects of the ‘obesogenic’ environment is the cornerstone of long-term control of weight. A study of subjects followed up after successful weight loss in Colorado found that the principal predictors of sustained weight loss are the maintenance of high physical activity levels and the regular consumption of breakfast (suggesting a regular eating pattern). All patients should be advised to maximise their physical activity. Where possible, this should be incorporated in the daily routine (e.g. walking rather than driving to work) since this is more likely to be sustained. Alternative exercise, e.g. swimming, may be necessary if musculoskeletal complications prevent walking. Changes in eating behaviour (including food selection, portion size control, avoidance of snacking, regular meals to encourage satiety, and substitution of sugar with artificial sweeteners) should be discussed. Support from a trained health-care professional (e.g. a dietitian) and participation in a group discussion may be helpful.

In 2004, the World Health Organization (WHO) estimated that there were 39.4 million people living with HIV/AIDS, 4.9 million new infections and 3.1 million deaths. The cumulative death toll since the epidemic began is over 20 million, the vast majority of cases occurring in sub-Saharan Africa where over 13 million children have been orphaned.

In Botswana, South Africa, Swaziland and Zimbabwe, 25-40% of adults are infected, with rates of 5-15% in most other sub-Saharan African countries. A total of 64% of all persons with HIV live in sub-Saharan Africa, with South Africa accounting for one-third of AIDS deaths globally. Since 2002, the steepest increases have been seen in East Asia (50%), attributable largely to the epidemic occurring in China, and in Eastern Europe and Central Asia (40%), where alarming increases have been seen in the Ukraine, Latvia and Russia. In Vietnam, Thailand, Cambodia, Nepal and Myanmar, HIV is now well established. In India, it is estimated that 5.1 million persons are currently infected; in Tamil Nadu district 50% of sex-workers are infected, and in Manipur over 5% of pregnant women are positive. In northern India, HIV is well established in injection drug-users, of whom 25-50% is infected. Given that Asia is home to 60% of the world’s population, these changes have huge implications.

Many different cultural, social and behavioural aspects determine the regional characteristics of HIV disease. In the USA and northern Europe, the epidemic has predominantly been in men who have sex with men, whereas in southern and Eastern Europe, Vietnam, Malaysia, North-east India and China the incidence has been greatest in injection drug-users. In Africa, the Caribbean and much of South-east Asia the dominant routes of transmission are heterosexual (sex between man and woman) and from mother to child (vertical). The economic and demographic impact of HIV infection in developing countries is profound as it affects the most economically productive and fertile ages and is also eroding the health and economic advances made in the last few decades. Unlike the situation in developed nations, fewer than 5% of patients in resource-poor countries are able to access antiretroviral drugs.

The epidemic in industrialized nations is changing. Heterosexual transmission has become the dominant route, with racial and ethnic minorities representing an increasing fraction. Around 58% of infections in the UK in 2003 were acquired heterosexually and 75% of these were acquired abroad in a country with a high prevalence of HIV, mainly sub-Saharan Africa. High-risk sexual behaviour is also increasing in many developed countries, including in persons aware of their HIV-positive status.